Overpopulation in Pakistan Essay Example

Overpopulation in Pakistan Paper The qualitative aspects Of population, major factors affecting population growth, Malthusian population trap, the problems created by overpopulation and the possible solutions to the problems. All this will be done with the help of graphs. Introduction: Overpopulation can be defined as the condition where â€Å"finite resources of a particular area will run out if the population expands beyond a given point†. Economics is defined as the social science dealing with the allocation of scarce resources. The earth has a reserve of scarce resources and when the population exceeds a certain level, allocation of these resources becomes official and leads to various economic problems such as unemployment and poverty. Historical perspective: The population of the world has reached six billion. There has been a gradual increase in the world population over the centuries (see table 2. 1 and fig. 2. 2). During the 1 sass the growth rate was low a mere 1. 47%, it further decreased during the sass’s. The main reason for this decline was that if at that time an epidemic spread, it ravaged millions of people. Also the infant mortality rate was high but despite the less use of contraceptives, the population growth rate was low. In the decade of 1 970, the population increased very quickly and problems related to overpopulation arose. We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in Pakistan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This made the people realize the need for restricting their families, so after the sass’s the growth rate started declining. This is not of much help because there were already a large number of people present on the earth now; the damage had been already done. The population distribution has also affected this. Population density: One very interesting fact is that most of the world population is concentrated in the lesser-developed countries, most of which are in Asia (see fig 2. 3). These countries have limited resources, so the increasing population is a strain on the country. As the people have lesser exposure to the facilities of living, they remain unaware of problem of population and continue to have large families. In comparison to the world growth rate the, the growth rate of Asia only started to decline during the sass’s. It means that the more developed countries, which are mostly located in the west, mainly offered the reduction in growth rate. As the lower developed countries were unable to control population growth, they were unable to develop themselves. They are aught in a dilemma; a lot of labor force but most of the available human force were not productive. Purpose of Assignment: Our aim is to analyze the overpopulation problem in Pakistan. Although the population has qualitative as well as quantitative aspects, we will focus mainly On the quantitative aspects. Overpopulation poses threats to the society and the economy. Our focus is the economy but we will also discuss some social issues, relating to the economy. Relationship between population and economic development: Production level of a country can be boosted by the working capacity of the population. Population is playing a double role in the process of economic development of third world countries. It provides labor force for economic development and is also a burden on resources. Population in Pakistan include: Growth rate, birth rate, death rate and migration.

Biography of Blaise Pascal, Inventor of the Calculator

Biography of Blaise Pascal, Inventor of the Calculator French inventor Blaise Pascal (June 19, 1623–Aug. 19, 1662) was one of the most reputed mathematicians and physicists of his time. He is credited with inventing an early calculator, amazingly advanced for its time, called the Pascaline. Fast Facts: Blaise Pascal Known For: Mathematician and inventor of an early calculatorBorn: June 19, 1623 in Clermont, FranceParents: Étienne Pascal and his wife Antoinette BegonDied: August 19, 1662 in Port-Royal abbey, ParisEducation: Home-schooled, admitted to meetings of the French Academy, studies at Port-RoyalPublished Works: Essay on Conic Sections (1640), Pensà ©es (1658), Lettres Provinciales (1657)Inventions: Mystic Hexagon, Pascaline calculatorSpouse(s): NoneChildren: None Early Life Blaise Pascal was born at Clermont on June 19, 1623, the second of three children of Étienne and Antoinette Bà ©gon Pascal (1596–1626). Étienne Pascal (1588–1651) was a local magistrate and tax collector at Clermont, and himself of some scientific reputation, a member of the aristocratic and professional class in France known as noblesse de robe. Blaises sister Gilberte (b. 1620) was his first biographer; his younger sister Jacqueline (b. 1625) earned acclaim as a poet and dramatist before becoming a nun. Antoinette died when Blaise was 5. Étienne moved the family to Paris in 1631, partly to prosecute his own scientific studies and partly to carry on the education of his only son, who had already displayed exceptional ability. Blaise Pascal was kept at home in order to ensure he was not being overworked, and his father directed that his education should be at first confined to the study of languages. He requested that mathematics not be introduced until his son was 15. This naturally excited the boys curiosity, and one day, being then 12 years old, he asked what geometry was. His tutor replied that it was the science of constructing exact figures and of determining the proportions between their different parts. Blaise Pascal, stimulated no doubt by the injunction against reading it, gave up his play-time to this new study, and in a few weeks had discovered for himself many properties of figures, and in particular the proposition that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles. In response, his father brought him a copy of Euclid. A genius from a young age, Blaise Pascal composed a treatise on the communication of sounds at the age of 12, and at the age of 16 he composed a treatise on conic sections. A Life of Science At the age of 14, Blaise Pascal was admitted to the weekly meetings of Roberval, Mersenne, Mydorge, and other French geometricians, from which, ultimately, the French Academy sprung. In 1641, at the age of 18, Pascal built his first arithmetical machine, an instrument which, eight years later, he further improved and called the Pascaline. His correspondence with Fermat about this time shows that he was then turning his attention to analytical geometry and physics. He repeated Torricellis experiments, by which the pressure of the atmosphere could be estimated as a weight, and he confirmed his theory of the cause of barometrical variations by obtaining at the same instant readings at different altitudes on the hill of Puy-de-Dà ´me. The Pascaline The idea of using machines to solve mathematical problems can be traced at least as far back as the early  17th century. Mathematicians who designed and implemented calculators that were capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division included Wilhelm Schickhard, Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Leibniz. Pascal invented his numerical wheel calculator called the  Pascaline  to help his father, by then a French tax collector, count taxes. The Pascaline had eight movable dials that added up to eight figured long sums and used base ten. When the first dial (ones column) moved 10 notches, the second dial moved one notch to represent the tens column reading of 10. When the second dial moved 10 notches, the third dial (hundreds column) moved one notch to represent one hundred, and so on. Blaise Pascals Other Inventions Roulette Machine Blaise Pascal introduced a very primitive version of the roulette machine in the 17th century. The roulette was a by-product of Blaise Pascals attempts to invent  a  perpetual motion machine. Wrist Watch The first reported person to actually wear a  watch  on the wrist was Blaise Pascal. Using a piece of string, he attached his pocket watch to his wrist. Religious Studies In 1650 while he was in the midst of this  research, Blaise Pascal suddenly abandoned his favorite pursuits to study religion, or, as he says in his Pensà ©es, contemplate the greatness and the misery of man. At about the same time, he persuaded the younger of his two sisters to enter the Benedictine abbey of Port-Royal. In 1653, Blaise Pascal had to administer his fathers estate. He took up his old life again and conducted several experiments on the pressure exerted by gases and liquids. It was also about this period that he invented the arithmetical triangle, and together with Fermat he created the calculus of probabilities. He was meditating marriage when an accident again turned his thoughts to religious life. He was driving a four-in-hand carriage on November 23, 1654, when the horses ran away. The two leaders dashed over the parapet of the bridge at Neuilly, and Blaise Pascal was saved only by the traces breaking. Death Always somewhat of a mystic, Pascal considered this a special summons to abandon the world. He wrote an account of the accident on a small piece of parchment, which for the rest of his life he wore next to his heart to perpetually remind him of his covenant. He moved to Port-Royal shortly after, where he continued to live until his death in Paris on August 19, 1662. Constitutionally delicate, Pascal had injured his health by his incessant study; from the age of 17 or 18 he suffered from insomnia and acute dyspepsia, and at the time of his death he was physically worn out. He neither married nor had children, and at the end of his life he became an ascetic. Modern scholars have attributed his illness to a variety of possible ailments, including gastrointestinal tuberculosis, nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, and/or irritable bowel syndrome. Legacy Blaise Pascals contribution to computing was recognized by computer scientist Nicklaus Wirth, who in 1972 named his new computer language Pascal (and insisted that it be spelled Pascal, not PASCAL). The Pascal (Pa) is a unit of atmospheric pressure named in honor of Blaise Pascal, whose experiments greatly increased knowledge of the atmosphere. A pascal is the force of one newton acting on a surface area of one square meter. It is the unit of pressure designated by the International System.100,000 Pa 1000 mb or 1 bar. Sources OConnell, Marvin Richard. Blaise Pascal: Reasons of the Heart.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997.  OConnor, J. J. and E. F. Robertson. Blaise Pascal. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1996. WebPascal, Blaise. Pensà ©es. Trans. W.F. Trotter. 1958. Intro. T.S. Eliot. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2003. Print.Simpson, David. Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013. Web.  Wood, William.  Blaise Pascal on Duplicity, Sin, and the Fall: The Secret Instinct. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Movie Comparison Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison - Movie Review Example Similarly, similarities in movies may also be analyzed to see how they implicate the touch and feel of these movies being compared. For the purpose, two movies of similar nature may be compared and contrasted to analyze various elements involved. Thus, a comparison of the movie The Kid with a Bike and Bicycle Thieves may prove futile for the paper. Therefore, the paper will be arguing how both papers are similar in context to the various themes and simple symbolic elements like a bicycle. Yet, the paper will also be talking about how the themes which are similar in nature have been approached in a different fashion with elements of contemporary nature impacting one movie making it different from the other. Therefore, an analysis of these similarities and differences will lead towards conclusive discussion of how these elements drastically impact the movie being talked about. Firstly, both the movies are similar in context to their reflection of harsh realities of time. Thus, both movies tend to reflect on the hard lives of the central characters by depicting their heartbreaking life stories. In this context, the movie ‘The kid with a bike’ takes a naturalistic approach while narrating sufferings of an abandoned child. This theme is similar to the one depicted in the Italian styled movie ‘Bicycle Thieves’. In both the movies, the core point of concern throughout have been the highly difficult moral as well as economic conditions which De Sica had to suffer after his bike gets stolen. Therefore, both movies are exactly similar in explicating the hard struggles which the central characters had to suffer from. The realistic lens, thus, proves to be futile in this context. Another shared theme between the two movies, besides the element of harsh realities of life has been that of the material prosperity. The central character Cyril in the movie, The kid in the Bike’ isn`t born rich and thus, when he

Appraising Legal Concerns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Appraising Legal Concerns - Research Paper Example Contract Law Contract law is the most fundamental governing law of any procurement project. It is because procurement projects commence after signing the legal contract. Managers must be completely aware of all legal obligations of a contract so they may not step out of line. A comprehensive definition of contract law is; â€Å"An agreement between two or more persons which creates an  obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Its essentials are competent  parties, subject matter, a legal consideration, mutuality of agreement, and mutuality of obligation.† (Fleming, 2003) But more suitable definition of contract law (regarding procurement management) is; â€Å"A contract is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller  to provide the specified product and obligates the buyer to pay for  it† (Institute, 2000) However, most of procurement projects involve more than just mere buying and selling of goods and services. Procurement includes partnersh ips and joint ventures and they legally bind the participants to perform an action. That is why it is better to use the definition for contract law which has a broader perspective. Taking a deeper look into the broader definition, following ten points can be concluded; a. A contract is a promise between two or more people or two or more parties b. ... The other party that needs to accept the offer has to accept it unconditionally f. If the accepting party wants to make adjustments (modification) to the original offer, the original offer will become void and a new offer will be formed. This process can continue until there is an offer from one party and an unconditional acceptance of it by the other. g. Concurrency is obligatory; all parties to the contract must agree to the same exact terms. h. A contract becomes only legal when there is ‘consideration’ involved. Consideration is anything that has value and is offered in exchange of something (goods or service). Consideration doesn’t necessarily have to be of the same value. i. The purpose of a contract should be legal as illegal contracts have negligible value in the eyes of law. j. All contracts need to be in the proper legally acceptable format. This usually requires the contract to be in black and white form (on paper) and signed. Mostly real estate contrac ts and contracts of simple buying/selling are classic examples (Fleming, 2003). Agency law By the standards of this law, any agent that will be appointed by the company (principal) will hold the same position in the deciding about procuring goods as the CEO. In other words, the agent will be acting on behalf of the company. Whatever contract he will enter the company into, the company will be liable to abide by the rules and promises of that contract. In the Latin phrase, the relationship between agent and principal is described by the  phrase,  qui facit per alium, facit per se, i.e.  the one who acts through another, acts in his or her own interests (Wikipedia contributors, 2011). Regarding the matter at hand which

Of mice and men - Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of mice and men - Criminal Justice - Essay Example Thus, in his mind, he did not think it possible to live without his rabbits, which he loved. However, to understand the reasons for which he could not stop himself from murdering Curley’s wife, it is essential to look first at the factors that had made Lennie who he was. First, the events that led up to Lennie’s murder of Curley’s wife show that it was not entirely his fault that he committed the act. To begin with, despite Lennie asking her to leave, she refuses and actually moves closer to him and places his hand on her head (Steinbeck 45), thus beginning the physical connection that eventually results in her death. She did this in the full knowledge that, this was a man who had crushed Curley’s hand and, also killed a small puppy. In this case, it is possible to argue that Lennie was totally responsible for killing Curley’s wife and, therefore, committing manslaughter. This is because he had killed a puppy just before Curley’s wife came into the barn (Steinbeck 42), while he had also been accused of rape when working on a farm in Weed and crushed Curley’s hand. In essence, even though he does not fully understand his crimes, he is aware that he has done wrong as he flees the area and accepts that he has d one wrong. Now, Lennie has murdered another person and, thus, needs to be jailed to protect other people, as well as himself. However, looking at it from another perspective, Lennie is not guilty of homicide because he is mentally handicapped and killing Curley’s wife was not an intentional action. Although he is a grown-up, he is described as being child-like and not responsible for any of his actions. Lennie has shown that he at least has some understanding about what bad behavior entails in the past. For instance, he is aware that his rape in Weed was bad behavior, while he is also aware that killing the small puppy was a

Role of Social Media in Developing Awareness

Role of Social Media in Developing Awareness Part A: Use of social media Social media plays an important role in awareness creation. It provides the best mode of communication to many organizations in the present world. It involves the use of social networks such as Televisions, face book, websites among other broadcasting techniques. Social media build an idea environment for interaction where people can meet and share their idea. Communication in the social media covers a wide area since many people are accessible to the information, for instance, many people can access information posted to a Facebook page. Information posted can be spread to many people over a short period of time. Advancement in technology has played an important role in improving social media communication. People who are a distant apart can communicate to each other as if they are close to each other. Many organizations have utilized the social media to communicate their agenda to the mass. This text will focus on Acorns Childrens Hospice, one of the social care organizations by an alysing how the organization utilizes social media to create its awareness (Firth, Luff, Oliviere, 2005, 58). Acorn children hospice trust is one of the registered charity organizations that offers network of care and support to the life-threatened and life-limited children and their families across the entire central England. The organization constitutes a well community team that offers support to families in their homes. Aware creation is important since it helps the family to mobilize resources and seek for support from various organizations in order to support the charity work. Social media enhances the acknowledgement of the organization and its activities globally and therefore, anybody willing to support the organization can do it from wherever they are (Firth, Luff, Oliviere, 2005, 56). The organization uses various social media to communicate on their values. These include advertisement through the television. This provides an ideal method of awareness creation since most people are accessible to television in the present world. The advertisements are made at a given interval period of time repeatedly so that many people can acquire the information communicated on the advertisement. For example, the North West hospice club jointly came together to launch a joint TV advertisement. The main aim of the advertisement was to raise funds and creation of awareness about their existence They also use Face book to advertise their services and terms of operation. For more emphasis, they upload the group photo of the children supported by the organization and post it on face book. Through these, anybody who accesses their page will see their existence. Face book forms one of the most used social media today. Studies show that most youth today are addicted to Face-book, approximately more than half the youth population in the world access Face book every day. They access Face book through chatting with friend and in the process they can come across the adverts made via the Face book. They have form their Face book link and twitter link that people can follow to access their information They also have a website where they post their activities and news. Anybody can access the information posted on the website when he or she visits the website. They have a well-organized website where they description. They have pages and links on the website that people can follow in order to partner with them in their activities. One can reach their site by clicking www.acorns.org.uk. Websites are not very popular compared to the Facebook and twitters. The advantage in the website is that they provide a deep description of the activities of the company and therefore, one can get full details about the company from their website. Advertisement on the website is conducive for the current digital world, the advertisement can be read by any person in the world. The only disadvantage with this kind of advertisement is that the analogue people may not get the information and therefore they may not get accessed to the information. This mode of awareness creation only favours literate peop le and this that the information is limited to the learned people who can access the internet (Brown Warr, 2007, 35). The organization also uses social interaction and engagement in social activities to advertise their existence. This provides one of the best way of awareness creation, however, it is only limited to the region where the firm is located. The children home is the official charity of Aston Villa. They have the acorn’s day where they engage in so many activities. Since people like football, the association of the organization with football enhance the knowledge of people about the organization (Tuten, 2008, 68). Internet is used by people of all ages and therefore it forms one of the major medium of communication and is used to replace the TV advertisement, magazine and newspaper advertisement because of their limited coverage and lack of standardization. Online advertisement does not limit the volume of information that can be posted on the net and therefore, it allows the organization to give a full description of their activities. The organization can improve their awareness creation campaign using the social media by forming a link that link that can allow people to access the information using the phones via the text message. The information presented in this manner will reach the biggest percentage of people in the whole world including people who are not accessed to network. Communications on the social media are usually communicated in English which is a common language of the social network. This limits people who cannot understand English from acquiring the information. The information can be structured in that it is communicated in various language that at least many people if not all can understand. The information posted should give a detail of their programs, their ambitions and visions as an organization rather than just communicating their existence. People will get attracted to the company and be willing to visit their social websites and social Face book accounts after learning of the organizational visions and operational strategy. Evaluation according to appendix 3 Does your agency use social media? (since when, in what ways) Yes, the urgency uses social has been using social media since the period when it was formed. The group uses TV, and social networks such as Facebook to create awareness. How successful do you think it is? The use of social network has helped the organization to get donors who support the program. How many of your staff have social media skills? About a half of the staff members have some skills in social media Do you use social media in direct service delivery? Yes How might your agency/organisation use social media in the future? The organization can advance in its use of social media establishing a data base that will be used to update the organization’s program to the interested people. Is there anything else you would like to say on the use of social media in social care? Social media plays an important role in awareness creation about the social care organizations. Part B: Reflective Summery Effective communication is fundamental factors in an individual’s life. It is the key interpersonal skill and learning how an individual can improve communication skills is an important value in life. Communication involves the sending of the message and receiving of the message. Engagement in activities in these modules has enhanced my communication and interpersonal relations in various ways. Proper communication and interpersonal understanding enhances the individual’s relationship in the social area (Donnelly, Neville, 2008, 37). It helps in avoiding misunderstanding and possible conflicts that may arise between two individuals. People conflict over issues because of misunderstanding that arises from poor communication skills. Eloquent speech shows maturity and organization in an individual’s thinking. Through the module, my way of information presentation has improved in that I can now present information in a way that it can be understood easily. One of the important aspects in communication that I learnt is the art of listening. Listening is a critical element in a communication that involves more than one person. It mostly affects the verbal communication. Poor listening leads to misunderstanding in the communication and this may result to disagreement between the parties involved in communication (Donnelly, Neville, 2008, 39). There is need of using clarification and reflections in order to understand the meaning and the intention of the communication from the other party to avoid confusion. Interpersonal skills help us to communicate effectively and interact with people in our daily activities. People with strong interpersonal skills are usually successful in both the personal and professional life. Good interpersonal skills bring out the perception of calm, optimistic charismatic and confident in and individual and these qualities are usually appealing to others. Through the module I have acquired confident to relate positively with every person I interact with unlike in the past where I could segregate myself and chose people to communicate with. Effective communication is a communication that is bias free and does not tolerate prejudice. Some of the interpersonal skills learned in the module include verbal communication, non-verbal communication, negotiation, listening, problem solving, decision making and assertiveness. I can now express my ideas in an organized manner and in a scenario where there is need of negotiation; I know the approach to take. The study about communication skills and interpersonal skills is an important study that should be encouraged in any learning institution. Many people lack proper communication and interpersonal skills and therefore, they cannot address matters affecting them in the best way. This is the reason why there is a lot of wars and conflict in many parts of the world today. These skills are also important in the development and success of any business organization (Koprowska, 2010, 128). Building good communication skills help in reducing stress. Proper communication builds friendship and strong social support to an individual. One can easily vent out issues affecting them to the people they trust. On the other hand, interpersonal skills enable an individual to make appropriate decision on matters affecting him or her (Whitcomb, Whitcomb, 2013, 190). People usually face problems and challenges in the daily life and the major problem comes when an individual has to make a decision on a given matter at hand. This is the point where many people fail and because they don’t know the decision making skills, they end up making poor and informed decision that causes a lot of problems in their life. The module enhanced my decision making skills in that now I can take time, analyze the problem and eventually come out with an appropriate decision. Proper communication needs experimentation and practice. The skills are learned through experience and they improve along the course of life. Communication requires application of ethics and etiquette. In communication, I have learned to be honest and never to criticize anybody during the conversation. Communication involves allowing oneself to be challenged by other people’s idea. One should focus on the conversation during the communication process and avoid any form of interruption that may deter effective communication. Some of the ways in which an individual can improve the interpersonal and communication skills are as follows. An individual may seek an opportunity to lead in order to improve on the communication and interpersonal skills. Leadership provides a god ground for training individuals on their interaction with other people within the organization. To improve on the interpersonal skills, one ought to take up proactive initiative in any position they are. For instance, in a business setting, one may bring up fellow co-workers together to solve a problem within the institution or develop a concept that will help improve the performance of the business organization (West, Turner, 2011, 25). Through such activities, one learns how to effectively communicate with other people and at the same time he or she develops the interpersonal skills. Interpersonal skills are also perfected through practice. For example, people may learn to express themselves by engaging in writing activities since through it, it train it help a person to think before speaking out. Writing requires control and therefore, it helps people to communicate to themselves. Internal communication precedes the interpersonal communication; consistent writing can help a person improve on the interpersonal and communication skills. On the other side, practice can also be conducted by rehearsing communication skills by recording tool. Learners can record can record themselves and later on listen or watch themselves speaking. In the analysis, the person analyses the effective use of body language, language command, and tone of voice and the level of confidence. Acting is an art that offers a good opportunity to relate with various groups of people. It can enable a person to build on language command and confidence. Through acting, a person gets a chance to communicate on the stage in a manner that the audience can understand and appreciate. Through this, a person is able to build on his or her communication and interpersonal skills. There are several leaders in many spheres of life who expresses good communication and interpersonal skills. Taking time to watch and listen from speeches made by such leaders may also guide an individual to enhance the interpersonal skills. Communication and interpersonal skills determines how far an individual may go in terms of social related activities. This means that it also dictates personal success, poor communication and interpersonal skills result into failure in life (West, Turner, 2011, 23). SMART action plan Learning Objective How will objective be achieved? Action Plan How will objective be evaluated? To enhance the interpersonal and communication skills Form discussion forums and social interactions that will help people develop courage and confidence Analyse the ability of an individual to communicate in a group of people To enhance proper relations and ability to express ones idea Practice a lot of writing art Determine an individual’s ability to respond to situation and interact with various people. Enhance decision making skills Identify a problem and try to formulate a solution to the problem Analyze the effectiveness of an individual to handle a problem.

fahrenheit 9/11 :: essays research papers

1. Although most journalists would state that their main objective in reporting on a story is to maintain impartial, this with the onset of cable news stations as well as the internet has become increasingly rare. Cable news stations such as CNN and FOX news are increasingly influenced by the politicians and corporations which control most of their funding. As Michael Moore states in his documentary â€Å" Fahrenheit 9/11†, which ironically is another good example of bias in the media, the man in charge of Fox News’ decision desk on election night was none other then George Bush’s first cousin. I would seem impartially may be compromised in this situation. To say that the media worked together with the media to promote the Iraq war may be an exaggeration, however the media in know way held the government responsible for the fraud that they committed in invading Iraq. The media, whether knowingly or not, promoted the Bush Administrations agenda in Iraq by arousin g overwhelming feelings of nationalism in the American people. It then became unpopular, or un-american to oppose the war. In the case of the Iraq war the media failed to properly fulfill its responsibility of maintaining accountability in government as well as most importantly reporting in an impartial style. Saddam Hussein was a dictator, who through intimidation and force maintained his grasp on power. These are tactics used by many governments throughout the world, ironically including the Amercian government. Saddam had a history of human rights violations and corruption, although compared to other international leaders his transgressions can be considered moderate. For example, in countries such as Rwanda and Sudan far more extreme measures have been taken by leaders, while the international community did little. The Iraq war is based far more upon oil and power then it is freedom. Seemingly, the Bush Administration and their corporate allies saw an opportunity to control the world’s second largest supply of oil and thus, like any savvy businessman would do, exploited it.

Recovering Addicts in the Field of Substance Abuse Counseling

RECOVERING ADDICTS IN THE FIELD OF SUBTANCE ABUSE COUSELING Is Substance Abuse Counseling a good career for a convicted felon and recovering drug addict? A person’s past mistakes in life can sometimes prevent that person from getting certain jobs later in life. With a prior criminal record some employers may not consider that individual as a good candidate for the job. Substance abuse counselors can be needed in hospitals, institutions, rehab centers, schools, and other government ran facilities.With a felony conviction against your criminal back ground check, government ran facilities normally will not hire convicted felons due to higher risk of a liability. Personal background checks are sometimes required as well and if that individual has a past known drug addiction, employers may seem skeptical of hiring. It has however been acknowledged that a recovering drug addict will make a better candidate than someone with no past drug addiction. A recovering drug addict has experi enced personally the addiction, struggles, and with drawls that are present when trying to become sober.Close to 100,000 people in the US work in recovery related jobs earning their living as drug counselors,†techs†,or social workers at the hospital treatment programs and thousands of rehabs across the country. Most people who enter the field of substance abuse counseling have some kind of personal connection with the problem. More than 50% are recovering drug addicts themselves or have family members or close friends that are addicts. A strange twist on the famous Hunter S. Thompson’s quote â€Å"When the going get weird, the weird turn pro. With a personal connection to a past life of drug/alcohol use it usually tends to mean substance abuse counselors are incredibly passionate and dedicated. There is however a downside. Many addicts even significant amount of sober time, are at risk of a relapse. When substance abuse counselors stumbles, the consequences are o ften more crucial than that of someone who is not in that type of career. Cynthia Moreno Tuchy, the EXECTUCTIVE DIRECTOR of THE NATIONAL ASSIOCATION OF ALOCHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE COUNSELORS (NAADAC) puts a rather fine point on it. We (chemical dependency professionals) do very well treating clients in general; we don’t do so for the professionals in recovery. We tend to blame the victim –we say you have a disease, but we are not recognizing relapse is part of that disease cycle. Why would we not do for addiction counselors as we would for everyone else? † She says. Most graduate programs in chemical dependency require applicants to have significant time free-typical a year or two-from chemical use and in most states licensing boards require similar amounts of clean times.When a substance abuse counselor relapses, they violate that condition and normally lose their jobs. The climb back tends to be quite steep. While relapse of a counselor poses danger to patients, the biggest threat is actually to the person who relapses. â€Å"Anecdotally the recovery rate for persons who work in the field that relapse is abysmal. † Says Chuck Rice. Counselors who do relapse, may continue to escalate with their relapse for fear of losing their job and can go untreated and hit rock bottom once again, which could have been a simple slip up if treatment was assemble as sought.Many people, who make a living in the recovery field, complain over time, it can become easy for professionals to blur the line between demands of personal recovery and the demand of their job. Giving the low success rate at many rehabs, burn out is a major issue. â€Å"When you work in the field,† says John Leonard, â€Å"The last thing you want to do when you get off work is to go to a meeting. † Furthermore, recovering substance abuse counselors get used to being the one with the answers, the experiences, and creditability. It’s easy to confuse work with thei r own personal recovery programs.The irony is that support and safety nets that exist for other professionals who fall victim to addiction does not exist for people who work in this field. â€Å"Sobriety rates of monitored professionals exceed 90%† Says Chuck Rice, â€Å"A rate far above the average general population. † Touhy estimates that 85,000 people in the addiction work force an as many 30,000 are recovering addicts. Without a national monitoring system and strong areas of informal support, these professional who work every day helping others to a clean life will go without the support they need and deserve.As the recovery field grows, so will the need for the professional working to help make the system work. If a system such as this is established I believe it is possible and a good choice career for a recovering addict to pursue a career as a substance abuse counselor despite the risk and triggers that can lead to relapse many counselors and people working in the addiction field can relate to current addicts lifestyles and be grateful they are not on that path themselves. Having desired to help others recover from addiction because they themselves re in recovery there is hope in knowing that recovery is possible because they have achieved it. There was an incident that happened in 2009 that captured the national news. Adam â€Å"DJ AM† Goldstein, host of MTV GONE TO FAR intervention reality series, was found dead at his New York City apartment from a drug overdose. DJ AM had just finished filming the MTV intervention reality series when he himself relapsed and died from a drug overdose. He had been sober for eleven years and had hoped to help others beat drug addiction.Goldstein admitted before his death that watching the videos filmed by Gone to Far’s addicts and loved ones was a â€Å"terrifying† experience. Goldstein stated,† I am a recovering drug addict. When I see and I am in their room and the paraphern alia and the whole lifestyle and everything, I still, eleven years later, have little thing in my head that starts thinking, Oh, Where’s that? , I wonder what that is? And I look at it in this way, And I have to constantly remind myself why I’m here and remember what it was like. â€Å"There’s no better way to remember what it was like at my bottom than to see someone at their bottom, and to help them and lift them up. † Nick Zybko wrote that nearly 40% of substance abuse counselors relapse over the course of their career. The need for substance abuse counselors is growing in today society. With economic failures and job layoffs, more people today are at a greater risk in turning to drugs or alcohol to escape and run from their problems. Counselors and other professional workers in the addiction fields are continuing to search for roles to help society deal with substance abuse.Counselors are aware of the destruction it causes to individuals, families, bu sinesses, and other organizations caused by dependency on alcohol or other drugs. One factor in important quality needed in a successful intervention and recovery with counselor and patient is empathy, genuineness’s, warmth, immediacy. Paired along with effective helping skills, such as questioning, comforting, self-disclosing, clarifying, and other skills common to the counseling process.Most substance abuse counselors who are recovering addicts can relate to the patients on a more personal level and a patient-counselor trusting relationship can be better formed. Each organization and treatment facilities differs from state to state as to what credentials you need to pursue a career as a substance abuse counselor. All facilities I have researched are accepting to recovering addicts as long as there is a sobriety of one to two years. Most recovering addicts have a criminal background record as well due to the â€Å"addiction disease†.There are some rehabs a treatment f acilities that only hire certified substance abuse counselors who are in fact recovering addicts even with a criminal record. As long as the substance abuse counselor is not on probation or parole this type of career is perfect for a recovering addict with a criminal past who has the desire to help others recover from addictions. As with any career and everyday life, a recovering addict is always at risk of relapse because of the disease. Perusing a career as substance abuse counselor has it downfalls as well as its advantages.Living a drug free life and remaining in recovery is important no matter the choice of career. I have pondered throughout most of my life as to what type of career I want in life and now that I am at a point in my life to making positive changes, I feel substance abuse counseling is an excellent choice for myself and perhaps others who have lead a similar life to myself and have the want and desire and even personal experience and knowledge to help others reco ver from their addictions to live a healthy happy life without drugs or alcohol. Sally Hughes [email  protected] phoenix. edu

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